• Tanujit Dey, Anish Mukherjee, and Sounak Chakraborty.
• Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: tdey@bwh.harvard.edu.
• Chest. 2020 Jul 1; 158 (1S): S57-S64.

AbstractCase-control studies are one of the major observational study designs for performing clinical research. The advantages of these study designs over other study designs are that they are relatively quick to perform, economical, and easy to design and implement. Case-control studies are particularly appropriate for studying disease outbreaks, rare diseases, or outcomes of interest. This article describes several types of case-control designs, with simple graphical displays to help understand their differences. Study design considerations are reviewed, including sample size, power, and measures associated with risk factors for clinical outcomes. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case-control studies and provide a checklist for authors and a framework of considerations to guide reviewers' comments.Copyright © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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