• George A Vilos, Enrique Reyes-MuÑoz, Gaetano Riemma, Ilker Kahramanoglu, Li-Te Lin, Benito Chiofalo, Patricia Lordelo, Luigi Della Corte, Amerigo Vitagliano, and Gaetano Valenti.
• Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada - George.Vilos@lhsc.on.ca.
• Minerva Med. 2021 Feb 1; 112 (1): 96-110.

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative overview of the available literature about voiding dysfunction in women with gynecological cancer before and after surgical, chemo- and radiotherapy treatments. Radical surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy may cause lower urinary tract dysfunction such as stress and urge urinary incontinence, and voiding difficulties. However, nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy may be a valid surgical approach in order to reduce bladder innervation impairment and maintain normal urinary function. Also, newer radiotherapy techniques significantly reduce the number of adverse effects, including bladder dysfunction. Pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy and training with biofeedback and urethral bulking agents represent some additional therapies that can be used in oncologically treated patients with urinary symptoms in order to improve a significant aspect of their quality of life. Considering the important impact on the patients' quality of life, a full urogynecological evaluation should be considered as an important part of oncological treatment and follow-up.

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