• Elizabeth Webb, Teresa Neeman, Francis J Bowden, Jamie Gaida, Virginia Mumford, and Bernie Bissett.
• From the Physiotherapy Department, Calvary Public Hospital Bruce, Bruce, ACT (E.W.), the Biological Data Science Institute, the Australian National University Joint Colleges of Science, Health, and Medicine (T.N.), and the Medical School (F.J.B.), Australian National University, the University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (J.G.), and the Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra (E.W., B.B.), Canberra, ACT, and the Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney (V.M.) - all in Australia.
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 Aug 13; 383 (7): 630-639.

BackgroundChronic edema of the leg is a risk factor for cellulitis. Daily use of compression garments on the leg has been recommended to prevent the recurrence of cellulitis, but there is limited evidence from trials regarding its effectiveness.MethodsIn this single-center, randomized, nonblinded trial, we assigned participants with chronic edema of the leg and recurrent cellulitis, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive leg compression therapy plus education on cellulitis prevention (compression group) or education alone (control group). Follow-up occurred every 6 months for up to 3 years or until 45 episodes of cellulitis had occurred in the trial. The primary outcome was the recurrence of cellulitis. Participants in the control group who had an episode of cellulitis crossed over to the compression group. Secondary outcomes included cellulitis-related hospital admission and quality-of-life assessments.ResultsA total of 183 patients were screened, and 84 were enrolled; 41 participants were assigned to the compression group, and 43 to the control group. At the time of a planned interim analysis, when 23 episodes of cellulitis had occurred, 6 participants (15%) in the compression group and 17 (40%) in the control group had had an episode of cellulitis (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09 to 0.59; P = 0.002; relative risk [post hoc analysis], 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.84; P = 0.02), and the trial was stopped for efficacy. A total of 3 participants (7%) in the compression group and 6 (14%) in the control group were hospitalized for cellulitis (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.59). Most quality-of-life outcomes did not differ between the two groups. No adverse events occurred during the trial.ConclusionsIn this small, single-center, nonblinded trial involving patients with chronic edema of the leg and cellulitis, compression therapy resulted in a lower incidence of recurrence of cellulitis than conservative treatment. (Funded by Calvary Public Hospital Bruce; Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12617000412336.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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