• Claire Beaurain, Pascal Thibon, Elise Fiaux, Emmanuel Piednoir, Claude Magnani, François Caron, and Renaud Verdon.
• Centre Régional de Conseil en Antibiothérapie NormAntibio, Caen-Rouen, France.
• J Eval Clin Pract. 2021 Apr 1; 27 (2): 421-428.

Rationale, Aims, And ObjectivesThe objective was to measure the quality of clinical practice for the management of cystitis in adult women in general practice by collaborating with quality circles and the regional centre for antibiotic counsel.MethodThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 in Normandy, France. A questionnaire composed of clinical vignettes was used to evaluate practices of general practitioners (GPs) with regard to cystitis classified into four categories: simple, at risk of complication, recurrent, and caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The 2017 French Infectious Diseases Society's guidelines were used as a reference.ResultsA total of 142 GPs participated in the study (45.5% of the solicited). Fosfomycin-trometamol and pivmecillinam were cited as first-line treatments for simple cystitis by 134 (94%) and 38 (27%) participants, respectively. For at risk of complication cystitis, the treatments cited were cefixime by 64 participants (45%), ofloxacin by 50 (35%), pivmecillinam by 49 (35%), fosfomycin-trometamol by 38 (27%), nitrofurantoin by 36 (25%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by 28 (20%). Mean compliance rates were 85% for simple cystitis, 39% for at risk of complication cystitis, 60% for recurrent cystitis and 14% for cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Two criteria had less than 10% of the compliant answers: comprehensive knowledge of cystitis complication risk factors (9%) and positivity thresholds of urine cultures (10%).ConclusionsIn this study, diagnostic means, follow-up testing, and simple cystitis treatment (with fosfomycin predominantly mentioned) were broadly compliant. The use of critical antibiotics was too frequent for at risk of complication cystitis. There may be a need to improve the knowledge of professionals on antibiotic resistance and appropriate antibiotic use.© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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