• Nutrition · Jul 2015

    Short-term effects of ketogenic diet on anthropometric parameters, body fat distribution, and inflammatory cytokine production in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome.

    • Simona Bertoli, Ilaria Giulini Neri, Claudia Trentani, Cinzia Ferraris, Ramona De Amicis, Alberto Battezzati, Pierangelo Veggiotti, Valentina De Giorgis, and Anna Tagliabue.
    • International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: Simona.bertoli@unimi.it.
    • Nutrition. 2015 Jul 1; 31 (7-8): 981-7.

    ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk ketogenic diet (KD) on inflammatory status, adipose tissue activity biomarkers, and abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) in children affected by glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome GLUT1 DS.MethodsWe carried out a short-term longitudinal study on 10 children (mean age: 8.4 y, range 3.3-12 y, 5 girls, 5 boys) to determine fasting serum proinflammatory cytokines (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-6), adipocyte-derived chemokines (leptin and adiponectin), lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), anthropometric measurements, and VAT and SAT (by ultrasonography).ResultsChildren showed no significant changes in inflammatory and adipose tissue activity biomarkers, blood glucose, lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, VAT, and SAT. Fasting insulin decreased (6 ± 3.2 μU/mL versus 3 ± 2 μU/mL; P = 0.001), and both HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were significantly modified (1.2 ± 0.6 versus 0.6 ± 0.4; P = 0.002; 0.38 ± 0.03 versus 0.44 ± 0.05; P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsOnly HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes changed after 12 wk on a KD, suggesting that over a short period of time KD does not affect inflammatory cytokines production and abdominal fat distribution despite being a high-fat diet. Long-term studies are needed to provide answers concerning adaptive metabolic changes during KD.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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