• Xuzhao Zhang, Yun Liang, Xian Li, Weiqin Wang, Jiefeng Tong, and Yang Xu.
• Department of Hematology.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 2; 99 (40): e22642e22642.

RationaleReactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after treatment with bortezomib-based regimens in HBV-positive patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has been reported in the past few years. Nevertheless, there is evidence of inhibition of HBV replication by bortezomib in transgenic mice. However, there is still no clinical evidence that bortezomib inhibits HBV.Patient ConcernsA 55-year-old MM patient with a family history of MM, who was also a chronic HBV carrier, achieved HBV clearance after treatment with a bortezomib-based regimen in combination with anti-HBV drugs.DiagnosesThe diagnosis was MM with chronic carrier of HBV.InterventionsHe received bortezomib-based regimen for MM as well as entecavir as a prophylaxis to prevent HBV reactivation.OutcomesThis patient achieved HBsAg and HBV-DNA clearance after 2 months and the remission was maintained during the next 2 years. He also achieved complete remission of MM and underwent consolidation therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.LessonsThis is the first case of MM with HBV clearance after receiving a bortezomib-based regimen combined with anti-HBV drug. Research on related mechanisms might provide new suggestions and hope for better management of HBV positive patients with MM and for the treatment of HBV patients.

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