• Qien He, Guanghui Ying, Xiapei Fei, Chenqin Zha, Zhaogui Chen, Yishu Bao, Jiaorong Long, Zhujun Wang, Xuelin He, and Min Xia.
• Department of Nephrology, Beilun People's Hospital, Ning Bo.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Oct 16; 99 (42): e22509.

IntroductionProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed and generally well tolerated but can rarely cause severe allergic reactions, such as drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). We report a case of DRESS and renal injury induced by PPIs, and describe the therapeutic process.Patient ConcernsThe patient was a 66-year-old female who complained of fever, pruritus, desquamation, erythema multiforme, and anuria caused by omeprazole taken for 2 weeks to treat abdominal distention.DiagnosisThe clinical history revealed a similar episode of PPI-induced fever, eosinophilia, and acute kidney injury more than 1 year ago. The present laboratory tests revealed eosinophilia and oliguric renal failure. The renal biopsy was performed subsequently and proved the diagnosis of PPI-induced DRESS.InterventionsAfter the suspected diagnosis of PPI-induced DRESS, omeprazole was discontinued and methylprednisolone infusion (40 mg qd) was initiated. Because of oliguric renal failure, the patient received intermittent hemodialysis.OutcomesThe patient initially responded to omeprazole discontinuation, hemodialysis, and glucocorticoids but later died from severe infection during the tapering of glucocorticoid therapy.ConclusionClinicians should remain on high alert for potential life-threatening complications when prescribing PPIs. If unexplained renal injury develops in a patient taking a PPI, renal biopsy may help in identifying the pathogenesis and might facilitate timely intervention.

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