• Weijie Yu, Qinlai Ying, Wen Zhu, Lisu Huang, and Qiuying Hou.
• Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 15; 100 (2): e23827e23827.

BackgroundSepsis leads to the high mortality in critically ill infants and children. It is still controversial whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with the incidence of sepsis. Thus we designed the systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane library were systematically searched until April 5, 2020. The 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level was recorded and set 20 ng/mL as cut-off in cohort study to divide the lower and higher 25-OHD group. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for comparing the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of sepsis in critically ill children.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included with 17 case-control studies and 10 cohort studies. In those case-control studies, the maternal 25-OHD level and neonatal 25-OHD level in sepsis group was significant lower than non-sepsis group (P < .001). The percentage of severe vitamin D deficiency was significant higher in sepsis group comparing to non-sepsis group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.66, 95% CI = 1.13-6.25, P < .001). In those cohort studies, the incidence of sepsis in lower 25-OHD group was 30.4% comparing with 18.2% in higher 25-OHD level group. However, no statistical significant difference in terms of mechanical ventilation rate and 30-day mortality.ConclusionWe demonstrated that critically ill infants and children with sepsis could have a lower 25-OHD level and severe vitamin D deficiency comparing to those without sepsis. Future studies should focus on the association of vitamin D supplement and the occurrence of sepsis in critically ill children.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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