• Chien-Yao Wang, Yung-Chih Wang, Ya-Sung Yang, Chan-Yuan Chang, Kuan-Yu Chen, Jiun-Ji Lai, Jung-Chung Lin, and Feng-Yee Chang.
• Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020 Apr 1; 53 (2): 336-343.

Background/PurposesInfective endocarditis (IE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Data on the differences in the microbiological features as well as clinical characteristics and outcomes of HD and non-HD patients with IE are limited.MethodsMedical records of patients (aged over 20 years) with IE were retrospectively reviewed from January 2008 to June 2017 in a tertiary care center in Northern Taiwan. Those with definite or possible IE were included in the study. The clinical characteristics, microbiological results, echocardiographic findings and outcomes of patients were analyzed.ResultsOf the 183 patients with definite or possible IE, 47 had undergone HD and 136 had not. Advanced age (67.3 vs. 61.5 years, p = 0.027), more female gender (51.1% vs. 33.8%, p = 0.036), comorbidities (a high Charlson comorbidity index, 8.17 vs. 4.21, p < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (68.1% vs. 35.3%, p < 0.001), and hypertension (85.1% vs. 53.7%, p < 0.001) were commonly observed in HD patients than in non-HD patients. The yield rate of the blood cultures was higher in HD group than in non-HD group (89.4% vs. 72.8%, p = 0.02). The proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in HD group than in non-HD group (31.9% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). HD patients versus non-HD patients had higher cardiac complication rates (38.3% vs. 14%, p < 0.001).ConclusionAdvanced age, sex (female), comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were more common in HD patients than in non-HD patients with IE. HD patients had higher proportion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and cardiac complication rates than non-HD patients with IE. Culture-negative IE was more common in non-HD patients.Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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