• Ye Zhou, Chao Zhang, Yingying Gong, Linqing Yang, and Yunfei Wang.
• Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Jan 22; 100 (3): e24049.

RationalePrimary female genital tract lymphomas are sporadic neoplasms, accounting for 0.2% to 1.1% of all cases of extranodal lymphoma. The most common genital localizations are the cervix, the uterine corpus and the ovary, while primary lymphomas of the fallopian tube are quite unusual. According to literature searching in PubMed, this is the first reported case of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the fallopian tube.Patient ConcernsA 52-year-old woman presented with a more than 2 months history of intermittent lower abdominal pain. The gynecological examination showed that the uterus, as big as 3 months of pregnancy, had weak activity and no tenderness. The uterine rectum lacuna was like a hard nodule of about 3 × 2 cm, and an irregular solid mass was fixed and inactive in the right adnexa.DiagnosesIn accordance with Ann Arbor staging system, a stage IE primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of fallopian tube was diagnosed for this patient, based on the tumor pathology, the results of bone marrow biopsy and computed tomography (CT) scan.InterventionsAfter gynecological/urinary ultrasound, blood test, pelvic contrast enhanced CT scan and CT angiography of iliac artery, exploratory laparoscopy and following hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. After the surgery, the patient was treated with combined Rituximab and chemotherapy and got complete response (CR).OutcomesAfter the operation and R-CHPOP, following up for more than 1 year so far, the patient has no tumor recurrence and is still in good condition.LessonsIt is very difficult to diagnose the primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of fallopian tube, not only because of its rarity, but also because of its non-specific clinical manifestations. It easily be treated as late ovarian cancer by gynecologist. So the pathology diagnosis and surgeons' decision is very important. Because lymphoma is pretty sensitive to chemotherapy and easy to get complete response, so we no need to do an operation like ovarian cancer and should put chemotherapy as a primary method for lymphomas of the female genital tract.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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