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- Zaccaria Ricci, Stefano Romagnoli, and Claudio Ronco.
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, P.zza S.Onofrio 4, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy. Electronic address: Zaccaria.ricci@opbg.net.
- Crit Care Clin. 2021 Apr 1; 37 (2): 335-347.
AbstractCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) describes a specific acute and chronic clinical picture in which the heart or the kidney are primarily dysfunctioning and secondarily affect each other. CRS is divided into five classes: acute and chronic CRS, acute and chronic renocardiac syndromes, and secondary dysfunction of heart and kidneys. This article specifically details the classification and the epidemiology, some risk factors, and the pathophysiology of CRS. Some emerging aspects of CRS are also discussed, such as CRS in patients with end-stage heart failure, with mechanical ventricular assistance, and after heart transplantation. Finally, some aspects of pediatric CRS are detailed.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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