• Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2021

    Review

    Chronic Brain Failure.

    • James P Wolak.
    • Department of Psychiatry, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: wolakj@mmc.org.
    • Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 2021 May 1; 39 (2): 307-322.

    AbstractChronic brain failure, also known as dementia or major neurocognitive disorder, is a syndrome of progressive functional decline characterized by both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It can be conceptualized like other organ failure syndromes and its impact on quality of life can be mitigated with proper treatment. Dementia is a risk factor for delirium, and their symptoms can be similar. Patients with dementia can present with agitation that can lead to injury. Logic and reason are rarely successful when attempting to redirect someone with advanced dementia. Interactions that offer a sense of choice are more likely to succeed.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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