• Rodrigo López-Baltanás, Maria Encarnación Rodríguez-Ortiz, Antonio Canalejo, Juan M Díaz-Tocados, Carmen Herencia, Fernando Leiva-Cepas, José D Torres-Peña, Ana Ortíz-Morales, Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda, Mariano Rodríguez, and Yolanda Almadén.
• Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
• Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2021 Aug 1; 51 (8): e13561.

BackgroundInflammation is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that appears specifically associated with cardiovascular derangements in CKD patients. Observational studies have revealed a link between low Mg levels and inflammation. In this study, we hypothesize that Mg might have a modulatory effect on the inflammation induced under the uraemic milieu.MethodsIn vivo studies were performed in a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model of CKD. Furthermore, a possible direct effect of Mg was addressed through in vitro studies with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).ResultsUraemic rats fed a normal (0.1%) Mg diet showed a systemic inflammatory response evidenced by the elevation in plasma of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and GPx activity, a marker of oxidative stress. Importantly, an increased expression of these cytokines in the aortic tissue was also observed. In contrast, a dietary Mg supplementation (0.6%) greatly prevented the oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory response. In vitro, in VSMCs cultured in a pro-inflammatory high phosphate medium, incubation with Mg 1.6 mM inhibited the increase in the production of ROS, the rise in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 and the activation of NF-κB signalling that was observed in cells incubated with a normal (0.8 mM) Mg.ConclusionMg supplementation reduced inflammation associated with CKD, exerting a direct effect on vascular cells. These findings support a possible beneficial effect of Mg supplementation along the clinical management of CKD patients.© 2021 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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