• Paul Vanderkam, Rémy Boussageon, Michel Underner, Nicolas Langbourg, Yann Brabant, Philippe Binder, Bernard Freche, and Nematollah Jaafari.
• CHU la Milétrie, université de médecine et de pharmacie de Poitiers, unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle en psychiatrie, département de médecine générale, 86021 Poitiers, France. Electronic address: paul.vanderkam@univ-poitiers.fr.
• Presse Med. 2016 Nov 1; 45 (11): 971-985.

ContextSmoking is the first cause of preventable death in France and in the world. Without help, it was shown that 80 % of smokers who try to quit smoking relapse after one month with a low long-term success rate. Smoking reduction can concern smokers who did not want to quit or failed in their attempt to weaning. The final aim is to increase attractiveness of drug therapies by developing new products, such as electronic cigarettes, that can compete cigarette without reproducing its harmful effects.ObjectiveAssess the capacity of electronic cigarettes to reduce or stop tobacco use among regular smokers.Data SourcesConsultations MEDLINE and COCHRANE databases.Keywordse-cigarette; electronic cigarettes; ENDD (electronic nicotine delivery system); ENDS (electronic nicotine delivery device); vaping were used.Trial SelectionRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the electronic cigarette with nicotine versus placebo device.ResultsTwo randomized controlled trials were included in the quantitative analysis. The nicotine electronic cigarette users have tobacco consumption significantly decreased compared to the placebo group (RR: 1.30, 95 % CI [1.02 to 1.66]) at 6 months. Smoking cessation rate at 3 months was greater with the electronic cigarette contains nicotine (RR: 2.55, 95 % CI [1.31 to 4.98]).LimitsThe small number of RCTs included does not allow definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of electronic cigarettes, especially in the medium to long term.ConclusionThe use of electronic cigarette with nicotine decreases tobacco consumption among regular smokers. Further studies are needed to specify electronic cigarettes safety profile and its ability to cause a reduction in consumption and a long-term cessation in smokers.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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