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- Shawn A Ryan and Robert B Dunne.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267 USA.
- Pain Manag. 2018 May 1; 8 (3): 231-245.
AimTo assess the pharmacokinetic properties of community-use formulations of naloxone for emergency treatment of opioid overdose.MethodsSystematic literature review based on searches of established databases and congress archives.ResultsSeven studies met inclusion criteria: two of US FDA-approved intramuscular (im.)/subcutaneous (sc.) auto-injectors, one of an FDA-approved intranasal spray, two of unapproved intranasal kits (syringe with atomizer attachment) and two of intranasal products in development.ConclusionThe pharmacokinetics of im./sc. auto-injector 2 mg and approved intranasal spray (2 and 4 mg) demonstrated rapid uptake and naloxone exposure exceeding that of the historic benchmark (0.4 mg im.), indicating that naloxone exposure was adequate for reversal of opioid overdose.
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