• Eliana S Chaves, Michael L Boninger, Rosemarie Cooper, Shirley G Fitzgerald, David B Gray, and Rory A Cooper.
• Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Nov 1; 85 (11): 1854-8.

ObjectiveTo investigate factors related to the wheelchair, impairment, and environment that affect perception of participation of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in activities performed in 3 settings: in the home, in the community, and during transportation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResearch centers and a specialized assistive technology (AT) clinic in Pittsburgh (Pitt). Research centers and community-based rehabilitation technology suppliers in Saint Louis (SL).ParticipantsSeventy wheelchair users with SCI.InterventionsSubjects from Pitt and SL completed a written survey of AT usage in daily activities.Main Outcome MeasuresSubjects were asked 5 questions within each setting (home, community, transportation) related to their perceived reason for functional limitations.ResultsThe wheelchair was the most commonly cited factor limiting participation, followed by physical impairment and physical environment. Twenty-one percent of subjects with paraplegia reported pain as a limiting factor for their transportation use, significantly more (P=.047) than subjects with tetraplegia (3%). A trend (P=.099) was seen toward a higher percentage of subjects with tetraplegia (tetraplegia, 7%; paraplegia, 3%) reporting lack of equipment as a limiting factor for use of transportation. Differences were also seen across sites.ConclusionsThe wheelchair was the most commonly cited limiting factor, followed by physical impairment and physical environment. The wheelchair is the most important mobility device used by persons with SCI and the one that users most associate with barriers.

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