• Akiko Kowada.
• General Affairs Department, Ota City Office, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: kowadaa@gmail.com.
• Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 1; 14 (5): 489-498.

BackgroundLong-term expatriates from low to high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries get high rates of active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI). TB screening for expatriates is important for occupational health. Interferon-gamma release assays are more accurate than tuberculin skin test (TST). Rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 months (3HP) is as effective as 9 months of isoniazid (9H) with a higher treatment-completion rate.MethodsDecision trees and Markov models were constructed using a societal perspective on a lifetime horizon. The target population was a hypothetical cohort of 30 year-old expatriates. Seven strategies; TST with 3HP or 9H, QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) with 3HP or 9H, T-SPOT®.TB (TSPOT) with 3HP or 9H and chest X-ray examination (CXR) were modeled. The main outcome measure of effectiveness was quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.ResultsQFT with 3HP yielded the greatest benefits with the lowest cost ($US 674.8; 25.95660 QALYs [year 2012 values]). CXR was the least cost-effective ($US 13,666.8; 24.62917 QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to adherence rate of 3HP and QFT specificity, but not to BCG vaccination rate.ConclusionsEntry LTBI screening using QFT treated with 3HP is recommended on the basis of cost effectiveness among long-term expatriates from low to high incidence countries.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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