• JianJie Wang, Bin Zhao, Tianbin Song, and Jidong Sun.
• Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shougang Hospital of Peking University, Shijingshan District.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 May 28; 100 (21): e25961e25961.

RationaleAmyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils. Lung carcinoma is rarely reported to be associated with AA amyloidosis. With regard to the manifestation of amyloidosis infiltrating organs, most of the cases focus on the heart, liver, kidneys, and peripheral nervous system. Amyloidosis with diffuse abdominal involvement in combination with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma carcinoma is an exceptionally rare occurrence.Patient ConcernsA 70-year-old man was admitted to hospital for a 2-month history of repeated cough, low grade fever, hemoptysis and left back shoulder pain, which was not relieved by nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Meanwhile, he complained of intermittent diffuse abdominal discomfort and chronic persistent constipation.DiagnosesThe patient was diagnosed with poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma and diffuse peritoneal and mesenteric amyloidosis based on the pathological biopsy.InterventionsThe patient received surgery and chemotherapy for lung tumor. He did not receive any treatment against amyloidosis.OutcomesThe patient died of a severe respiratory infection.LessonsThis case indicates that lung carcinoma is suspected to play a causative role in the development of amyloidosis. In addition, amyloidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases in which diffuse greater omentum, peritoneal, and mesenteric calcifications on 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose(18F-FDG) photon emission computed tomography (PET/CT).Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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