• Dimitrios Stefanidis, Rajesh Aggarwal, Robert M Rush, Gyusung Lee, Patrice G Blair, David Hananel, Yoon Soo Park, Robert M Sweet, Gordon G Wisbach, and Ajit K Sachdeva.
• Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. Electronic address: Dimstefa@iu.edu.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2021 Aug 1; 233 (2): 249-260.e2.

BackgroundOur aim was assess whether an integrated Advanced Modular Manikin (AMM) provides improved participant experience compared with use of peripheral simulators alone during a standardized trauma team scenario. Simulation-based team training has been shown to improve team performance. To address limitations of existing manikin simulators, the AMM platform was created that enables interconnectedness, interoperability, and integration of multiple simulators ("peripherals") into an adaptable, comprehensive training system.MethodsA randomized single-blinded, crossover study with 2 conditions was used to assess learner experience differences when using the integrated AMM platform vs peripheral simulators. First responders, anesthesiologists, and surgeons rated their experience and workload with the conditions in a 3-scene standardized trauma scenario. Participant ratings were compared and focus groups conducted to obtain insight into participant experience.ResultsFourteen teams (n = 42) participated. Team experience ratings were higher for the integrated AMM condition compared with peripherals (Cohen's d = .25, p = 0.016). Participant experience varied by background with surgeons and first responders rating their experience significantly higher compared with anesthesiologists (p < 0.001). Higher workload ratings were observed with the integrated AMM condition (Cohen's d = .35, p = 0.014) driven primarily by anesthesiologist ratings. Focus groups revealed that participants preferred the integrated AMM condition based on its increased realism, physiologic responsiveness, and feedback provided on their interventions.ConclusionsThis first comprehensive evaluation suggests that integration with the AMM platform provides benefits over individual peripheral simulators and has the potential to expand simulation-based learning opportunities and enhance learner experience, especially for surgeons.Copyright © 2021 American College of Surgeons. All rights reserved.

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