• Ana Gabriella P Alves, Beatriz A C Cruvinel, Raquel M Schincaglia, Leonardo S Godoi, and Maria S Silva.
• Laboratory of Physiology, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: anagabriela_alves@hotmail.com.
• Nutrition. 2021 Sep 1; 89: 111296.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on the body composition and metabolic profile of children with hypertriacylglycerolemia.MethodsThis is a randomized, triple-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 44 Brazilian children with hypertriacylglycerolemia, age 4 to 11 y. The sample included eutrophic and overweight/obese children according to body mass index for age, with sufficient and insufficient vitamin D basal levels. The intervention lasted 34 wk, with two periods of 12 wk each separated by a 10-wk washout. The two groups, supplemented and placebo, received five drops of cholecalciferol (equivalent to 1000 international unit/d) and five drops of sunflower oil, respectively, daily for 12 wk. Sociodemographic, economic, sunscreen use, percentage of body surface area daily exposed to sun, physical activity, anthropometry (body mass and height), body composition (waist circumference, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, triceps, and subscapular skinfolds), biochemical profile (25-hydroxyvitamin D, fasting glucose, and lipid fractions), blood pressure, and food intake data were collected.ResultsOf the 44 children who concluded the study, 56.80% were female, 54.50% were of brown race, 81.82% had sufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (≥75 nmol/L), and 50.00% were overweight/obese according to body mass index for age. There was a reduction in serum total cholesterol (P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001), and low/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios (P < 0.001) in the supplemented group compared with the placebo group.ConclusionsCholecalciferol supplementation improved the lipid profile of children with hypertriacylglycerolemia without altering body composition.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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