• British medical bulletin · Mar 2016

    Review

    Freezing and non-freezing cold weather injuries: a systematic review.

    • Kieran Heil, Rachel Thomas, Greg Robertson, Anna Porter, Robert Milner, and Alexander Wood.
    • Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke, UK.
    • Br. Med. Bull. 2016 Mar 1; 117 (1): 79-93.

    IntroductionThe debilitating impact of cold weather on the human body is one of the world's oldest recorded injuries. The severe and life-changing damage which can be caused is now more commonly seen recreationally in extreme outdoor sports rather than in occupational settings such as the military. The diagnosis and treatment of these injuries need to be completed carefully but quickly to reduce the risk of loss of limb and possibly life. Therefore, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature surrounding cold weather injuries (CWIs) to ascertain the epidemiology and current management strategies.Sources Of DataMedline (PubMED), EMBASE, CINHAL, Cochrane Collaboration Database, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar.Areas Of Agreement Immediate Field TreatmentThe risk of freeze thaw freeze injuries. Delayed surgical intervention when possible. Different epidemiology of freezing and non-freezing injuries.Areas Of ControversyProphylatic use of antibiotics; the use of vasodilators surgical and medical.Growing PointsThe use of ilioprost and PFG2a for the treatment of deep frostbite.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchThe treatment of non-freezing CWIs with their long-term follow-up.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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