• Michele Pisano, Marco Ceresoli, Andrea Allegri, Eugenia Belotti, Federico Coccolini, Renata Colombi, Roberto Manfredi, Francesco Margarito, Cecilia Merli, Giulia Montori, Dario Piazzalunga, and Luca Ansaloni.
• Department of General Surgery, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
• Ulus Travma Acil Cer. 2015 Sep 1; 21 (5): 373-9.

BackgroundTreatment option and timing for surgery in case of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is still a matter of discussion. Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) offers some rules but they don't reflect entirely the information of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). This study aimed to draw some consideration from our practice in the application of the guidelines and put forward the clinical, economic and organizational effect of it.MethodsThe study is a single center retrospective study based on administrative database formed by gathering information from clinical registry. Data were collected between January 1st, 2008 and April 30th, 2013. A cutoff point was established on May 15th, 2010 when we moved from a single surgeon method to a shared EBM method to treat ACC. The economic aspect was developed considering health service reimburse and hospital costs.ResultsFive hundred and two patients were selected, 203 patients before the organizational change (Group 0) and 299 after (Group 1). In Group 0, 24.63% of the patients were treated with early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and 39.4% received surgery delayed in second admission (DLC). After the change, 57.5% of the patients were treated with ELC while 13% were treated with DLC. Median length of stay (LOS) was significantly lower after the change (9.5 vs. 7.3, p<0.0001), and no difference in terms of complication was noticed.ConclusionApplication of evidence based medicine in clinical practice resulted in better results. Economically, the clinical change resulted in a proper use of resources with a positive gap between the costs and refund to the hospital.

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