• Isaac D Erbele, Joshua G W Bernstein, Gerald I Schuchman, Douglas S Brungart, and Arnaldo Rivera.
• *Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, and †National Military Audiology and Speech Pathology Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A.
• Otol. Neurotol. 2015 Jan 1; 36 (1): e24-9.

ObjectiveTo compare preoperative and postoperative sound localization and surgical outcomes in patients with a history of osseointegrated hearing device (OHD) placement who underwent cochlear implantation for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal cochlear function in the contralateral ear (single-sided deafness [SSD]).Study DesignCase series.Study SettingTertiary care center, cochlear implant (CI) program.PatientsFive patients with a previously placed OHD, implanted at our institution between late 2012 and late 2013, who were undergoing cochlear implantation to address SSD. Causes of their initial SSD included iatrogenic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and perilymphatic fistula. Indications for cochlear implantation included a desire for binaural hearing, surgical treatment for tinnitus, and staging for treatment of contralateral conductive hearing loss.InterventionsCochlear implantation; intraoperative and postoperative antibiotics.Main Outcome MeasuresAccuracy of sound localization for environmental sounds presented in a mixture for three device conditions: monaurally with the acoustic hearing ear only, OHD in addition to the acoustic hearing ear, and CI in addition to the acoustic hearing ear. Complications. Continued use of CI.ResultsModestly improved sound localization with CI compared with monaural listening or listening with an OHD (p < 0.0001). Wound dehiscence and infection with our first two patients; none with the use of perioperative and postoperative antibiotics (three patients). Four patients continued to use their CI for at least 4 months after activation (mean, 13 mo) and expressed satisfaction with the device; one was lost to follow-up.ConclusionCochlear implantation for this population of patients produced modestly improved localization accuracy, and most patients expressed satisfaction with this intervention. In this series of cochlear implantation after OHD, our first two patients had wound infection and dehiscence. We recommend perioperative and postoperative antibiotics to prevent this complication.

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