• Natalia Lausada, Nathalie Arnal, Mariana Astiz, María Cristina Marín, Juan Manuel Lofeudo, Pablo Stringa, María J Tacconi de Alaniz, Nelva Tacconi de Gómez Dumm, Graciela Hurtado de Catalfo, Norma Cristalli de Piñero, María Cristina Pallanza de Stringa, Eva María Illara de Bozzolo, Enrique Gustavo Bozzarello, Diana Olga Cristalli, and Carlos Alberto Marra.
• LTO (Laboratorio de Transplante de Órganos), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
• Nutrition. 2015 Nov 1; 31 (11-12): 143014421430-42.

ObjectiveBrain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model.MethodsWistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases.ResultsSoybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet.ConclusionDietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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