• Sorin Dema, Fulger Lazar, Robert Barna, Amadeus Dobrescu, Alis Liliana Carmen Dema, Oana Popa, Ioana Ionita, and Sorina Maria Taban.
• Radiotherapy Service, Emergency Clinical City Hospital, 300079 Timisoara, Romania.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Aug 16; 57 (8).

AbstractIntroduction: Sclerosing Extramedullary Hematopoietic Tumor (SEHT) is a very rare lesion associated with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD). SEHT can mimic morphologically, both macroscopically and microscopically, a wide variety of tumors/lesions. Case presentation: We present the case of a female patient diagnosed with gallstones for which surgery was decided. Intraoperatively, a malignant tumor of extrahepatic bile ducts was suspected. A frozen section examination raised the suspicion of a mesenchymal tumor or an inflammatory pseudotumor. The histological evaluation of the permanent sections, supplemented with an immunohistochemical investigation (IHC), was the one that established the diagnosis of SEHT, based on the presence of areas of sclerosis, atypical CD31+ megakaryocytes, myeloid and erythroid elements. Conclusions: The authors present the difficulties of a morphological diagnosis on the frozen section and on permanent sections in the absence of relevant clinical information and make a review of the literature data dedicated to the subject.

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