• Xiaowei Song, Huimin Zhao, Yongping Yang, Linxian Zhao, Yongqing Zhao, and Jiannan Li.
• Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 17; 100 (37): e27083.

RationaleAnal canal adenocarcinoma is a kind of rare malignant tumor of the intestinal tract with a low incidence rate.Patient ConcernsA 42-year-old man came to our department with anal tenderness accompanied by intermittent drainage of mucus discharge for 2 weeks.DiagnosesThe computer tomography showed a strip-shaped high-density shadow in the rectal wall. The magnetic resonance imaging showed a cyst-like mass of about 33 × 57 × 30 mm in the anal area. The lesion penetrated the anal canal, and plaque-shaped high signal shadow can be seen in the left side of the anus. The intraoperative pathology indicated the mass as anal canal adenocarcinoma.InterventionsThe abdominal perineal resection was performed for this patient. The postsurgical pathology showed that the tumor was anal canal adenocarcinoma with large amounts of mucus.OutcomesThe patient recovered well and was discharged from our department at 12th day post-surgery. This patient received further pelvic radiotherapy.LessonsAnal canal adenocarcinoma is a kind of malignant tumor that is extremely rare clinically. Computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, coloscopy, and histopathology are vital for the diagnosis of anal canal adenocarcinoma. Comprehensive treatment, including abdominal perineal resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, is important for the treatment of anal canal adenocarcinoma.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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