• Lihua Yuan, Feng Chen, Yao Sun, Yong Zhang, Xing Ji, and Bo Jin.
• Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 17; 100 (37): e27205.

RationaleStudies on Candida infections in the central nervous system, especially in infants and young children that did or did not have postoperative surgery, are rarely reported. Thus far, intrathecal (i.t.) amphotericin B (AmB) is not routinely recommended as a therapy for Candida meningitis. We report the first case of Candida meningitis in an infant who underwent abdominal surgery and was successfully treated with i.t. and intravenous (i.v.) AmB in the mainland of China.Patient ConcernsCandida meningitis was confirmed by culture and immunoserological tests in a 1-day-old girl after surgery. She was treated with fluconazole for 1 month, but the patient's symptoms showed no improvement.DiagnosesAfter surgery, the infant started having recurrent attacks of fever, and laboratory tests of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed antigens of Candida tropicalis. CSF tests revealed a high total protein level and a low glucose level. She was diagnosed with a secondary Candida meningitis.InterventionsAfter azole therapy failure, intrathecal and intravenous AmB therapy were used as rescue therapies.OutcomesAfter nearly 2 months of AmB treatment, all repeat CSF cultures were negative, the infant was deemed stable and was discharged home, and she continued taking voriconazole orally as an outpatient.LessonsThe combination of i.t. and i.v. administration of AmB can provide a safe and effective alternative to managing this rare but severe disease.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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