• Pauline Mulette, Amaury Jacquet, Anne Durlach, Dimitri Papathanassiou, Paul Lalire, Olivier Graesslin, Gonzague Delepine, Sandra Dury, Valérian Dormoy, Jeanne-Marie Perotin, François Lebargy, Gaëtan Deslée, and Claire Launois.
• Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, France.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Oct 22; 100 (42): e27550e27550.

RationaleThoracic endometriosis is a rare disorder that can involve airways, pleura and lung parenchyma. It is the most frequent form of extra-abdominopelvic endometriosis. Multiple lung cavitations are a rare feature of thoracic endometriosis.Patient ConcernsA 46-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after incidental finding of multiple pulmonary cavitations with surrounding areas of ground glass opacity on a thoraco-abdominal computed tomography-scan performed for abdominal pain. Retrospectively, the patient also reported mild hemoptysis occurring 4 months ago.DiagnosesPositron emission tomography-computed tomography scan revealed moderate and homogeneous [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake in pulmonary cavitations (maximum standardized uptake value 5.7). The diagnosis of thoracic endometriosis was confirmed by histological examination of surgical resection of a left lower lobe cavitation.Interventions And OutcomeGonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues associated with add-back therapy was started. Four months after initiating pharmacological treatment, the chest computed tomography-scan showed a dramatic decrease in lung cavitations size.LessonsThoracic endometriosis is a rare disorder requiring a multidisciplinary management including gynaecologist, pulmonologist, radiologist, nuclear physician, pathologist and thoracic surgeon for early diagnosis and treatment. Our case report highlights that an increased 18F-FDG uptake can be found in thoracic endometriosis syndrome presenting as multiple lung cavitations.Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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