• Arissara Iamaroon, Titima Wongviriyawong, Patumporn Sura-Arunsumrit, Nattikan Wiwatnodom, Nichakarn Rewuri, and Onuma Chaiwat.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
• BMC Geriatr. 2020 Feb 3; 20 (1): 40.

BackgroundTo identify the incidence of, risk factors for, and outcomes associated with postoperative delirium (POD) in older adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery.MethodsThis prospective study recruited patients aged ≥ 60 years who were scheduled to undergo noncardiac surgery at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Functional and cognitive statuses were assessed preoperatively using Barthel Index (BI) and the modified Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, respectively. POD was diagnosed based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition criteria. Incidence of POD was reported. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for POD.ResultsOf the 249 included patients, 29 (11.6%) developed POD. Most patients (61.3%) developed delirium on postoperative day 1. Univariate analysis showed age ≥ 75 years, BI score ≤ 70, pre-existing dementia, preoperative use of opioid or benzodiazepine, preoperative infection, and hematocrit < 30% to be significantly associated with POD. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed pre-existing dementia (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 3.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91-8.17; p < 0.001) and age ≥ 75 years (adjusted RR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.11-5.80; p = 0.027) to be independent risk factors for POD. Median length of hospital stay was 10 (range: 3-36) days for patients with POD versus 6 (range: 2-76) days for those without delirium (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPOD remains a common surgical complication, with an incidence of 11.6%. Patients with pre-existing dementia and age ≥ 75 years are the most vulnerable high-risk group. A multidisciplinary team consisting of anesthesiologists and geriatricians should implement perioperative care to prevent and manage POD.

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