• Maria Siemionow.
• Department of Orthopaedics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA siemiom@uic.edu.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2016 Dec 1; 120 (1): 5-14.

IntroductionAt the 10th year anniversary of the first face transplantation, there are currently 36 patients worldwide, who are the recipients of faces coming from human donors.Areas Of AgreementDespite the initial debates and ethical concerns, face transplantation became a clinical reality with satisfactory functional outcomes.Areas Of ControversyThe areas of controversy still include the impact of lifelong immunosuppression on otherwise healthy patients as well as the selection process of face transplant candidates.Growing PointsOther concerns include financial support for this new generation of transplants as well as social reintegration and patients return to work after face transplantation.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchBased on over 20 years of research experience in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation, and clinical experience as a leading surgeon of the US first face transplantation, this review will summarize the well-known facts as well as unexpected outcomes and challenges of face transplantation.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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