• Xiangmin Li, Min Tian, Hui Yang, Yulin Liu, Jingbo Chen, and Hu Tian.
• Master of Arts, Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 2; 101 (35): e30427.

RationaleSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie syndrome, is a rare benign disease characterized by small bowel obstruction due to compression of the third portion of the duodenum by the SMA and the abdominal aorta. However, SMA syndrome after colectomy is extremely rare, establishing a clear diagnosis and formulating a treatment plan may be challenging for surgeons.Patient ConcernsA 64-year-old male with multiple colon polyposis and constipation underwent laparoscopic subtotal colectomy with cecal-rectal anastomosis. On the seventh postoperative day, he started vomiting and complained of abdominal bloating.DiagnosisAn upper gastrointestinal series, computed tomography scan and computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis of SMA syndrome.InterventionsGastric decompression, nasojejunal tube feeding and parenteral nutrition were performed.OutcomesAfter 3 weeks of conservative treatment, the patient showed no clinical improvement in symptoms. Subsequently, he suffered from gastrointestinal hemorrhage, deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity and cerebral hemorrhage successively. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died.LessonsSurgeons should be aware of the fact that SMA syndrome can occur after colectomy. Every attempt should be made to correct and avoid any predisposing factors perioperatively. Prompt diagnosis of SMA syndrome after colectomy and appropriate early intervention reduce mortality.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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