• Manabu Akazawa, Daisuke Shima, Takahiro Sato, Emi Shoji, Michael LoPresti, and Ryosuke Nishi.
• Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
• Patient Prefer Adher. 2022 Jan 1; 16: 308130943081-3094.

BackgroundPoor adherence to daily human growth hormone (hGH) treatment has been shown to be associated with poor clinical outcomes for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patients. However, few studies have examined the perception of adherence to hGH treatment among both physicians and caregivers in Japan.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the perception of adherence for daily hGH treatment among physicians and caregivers of pediatric and adolescent patients treated with GH in Japan. Moreover, we explore reasons for skipping treatment and the potential impact of a once-weekly treatment on adherence.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Japan among physicians that prescribe daily hGH treatment and caregivers that have administered daily hGH treatment to children/adolescents for 3 months or longer. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to gauge perceived adherence for both physician and caregiver groups. Caregivers were also questioned regarding reasons for missing injections. Moreover, both groups were asked about the impact of a once-weekly treatment on adherence.ResultsResponses were collected from 123 physicians and 112 caregivers. Physicians reported that 18.1% of patients have poor adherence based on the MMAS-8 instrument. In contrast, 32.1% of the caregivers reported poor adherence. "Simply forgetting", "Patient refused/resisted", and being "Busy with school activities, etc" were the most commonly selected reasons by caregivers for missing an injection. Physicians felt that a once-weekly injection could improve adherence for 64.5% of patients with poor adherence. Moreover, 56.9% of the caregivers that reported an experience of missed injections felt that a once-weekly injection would improve their adherence.ConclusionApproaches to improve adherence to hGH treatment in Japan are continuously needed. While further research is needed to understand factors most likely to improve adherence, availability of a once-weekly treatment is expected to help improve adherence.© 2022 Akazawa et al.

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