• S V Sodha and V Dietz.
• Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, MS A-04, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA ssodha@cdc.gov.
• Br. Med. Bull. 2015 Mar 1; 113 (1): 5145-14.

BackgroundGlobal coverage with the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine among children under 1 year of age stagnated at ∼ 83-84% during 2008-13.Sources Of DataAnnual World Health Organization and UNICEF-derived national vaccination coverage estimates.Areas Of AgreementIncomplete vaccination is associated with poor socioeconomic status, lower education, non-use of maternal-child health services, living in conflict-affected areas, missed immunization opportunities and cancelled vaccination sessions.Areas Of ControversyVaccination platforms must expand to include older ages including the second year of life. Immunization programmes, including eradication and elimination initiatives such as those for polio and measles, must integrate within the broader health system.Growing PointsThe Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) 2011-20 is a framework for strengthening immunization systems, emphasizing country ownership, shared responsibility, equity, integration, sustainability and innovation.Areas Timely For Developing ResearchImmunization programmes should identify, monitor and evaluate gaps and interventions within the GVAP framework.Published by Oxford University Press 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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