• D Blanco, A García-Alix, E Valverde, V Tenorio, M Vento, F Cabañas, and Comisión de Estándares de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología (SEN).
• Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España. drtblanco99@gmail.com
• An Pediatr (Barc). 2011 Nov 1;75(5):341.e1-20.

AbstractStandardisation of hypothermia as a treatment for perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is supported by current scientific evidence. The following document was prepared by the authors on request of the Spanish Society of Neonatology and is intended to be a guide for the proper implementation of this therapy. We discuss the difficulties that may arise when moving from the strict framework of clinical trials to clinical daily care: early recognition of clinical encephalopathy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, hypothermia during transport, type of hypothermia (selective head or systemic cooling) and side effects of therapy. The availability of hypothermia therapy has changed the prognosis of children with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and our choices of therapeutic support. In this sense, it is especially important to be aware of the changes in the predictive value of the neurological examination and the electroencephalographic recording in cooled infants. In order to improve neuroprotection with hypothermia we need earlier recognition of to recognise earlier the infants that may benefit from cooling. Biomarkers of brain injury could help us in the selection of these patients. Every single infant treated with hypothermia must be included in a follow up program in order to assess neurodevelopmental outcome.Copyright © 2011 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

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