• Wanli Kang, Jiajia Yu, Chen Liang, Quanhong Wang, Liang Li, Jian Du, Hongyan Chen, Jianxiong Liu, Jinshan Ma, Mingwu Li, Jingmin Qin, Wei Shu, Peilan Zong, Yi Zhang, Xiaofeng Yan, Zhiyi Yang, Zaoxian Mei, Qunyi Deng, Pu Wang, Wenge Han, Meiying Wu, Ling Chen, Xinguo Zhao, Lei Tan, Fujian Li, Chao Zheng, Hongwei Liu, Xinjie Li, Ertai A, Yingrong Du, Fenglin Liu, Wenyu Cui, Song Yang, Xiaohong Chen, Junfeng Han, Qingyao Xie, Yanmei Feng, Wenyu Liu, Peijun Tang, Jianyong Zhang, Jian Zheng, Dawei Chen, Xiangyang Yao, Tong Ren, Yan Li, Yuanyuan Li, Lei Wu, Qiang Song, Mei Yang, Jian Zhang, Yuanyuan Liu, Shuliang Guo, Kun Yan, Xinghua Shen, Dan Lei, Yanli Zhang, Youcai Li, Yongkang Dong, and Shenjie Tang.
• Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2023 Jan 1; 2023: 55624955562495.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB), a multisystemic disease with protean presentation, remains a major global health problem. Although concurrent pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases are commonly observed clinically, knowledge regarding concurrent PTB-EPTB is limited. Here, a large-scale multicenter observational study conducted in China aimed to study the epidemiology of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases by diagnostically defining TB types and then implementing association rules analysis.MethodsThe retrospective study was conducted at 21 hospitals in 15 provinces in China and included all inpatients with confirmed TB diagnoses admitted from Jan 2011 to Dec 2017. Association rules analysis was conducted for cases with concurrent PTB and various types of EPTB using the Apriori algorithm.ResultsEvaluation of 438,979TB inpatients indicated PTB was the most commonly diagnosed (82.05%) followed by tuberculous pleurisy (23.62%). Concurrent PTB-EPTB was found in 129,422 cases (29.48%) of which tuberculous pleurisy was the most common concurrent EPTB type observed. The multivariable logistic regression models demonstrated that odds ratios of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied by gender and age group. For PTB cases with concurrent EPTB, the strongest association was found between PTB and concurrent bronchial tuberculosis (lift = 1.09). For EPTB cases with concurrent PTB, the strongest association was found between pharyngeal/laryngeal tuberculosis and concurrent PTB (lift = 1.11). Confidence and lift values of concurrent PTB-EPTB cases varied with gender and age.ConclusionsNumerous concurrent PTB-EPTB case types were observed, with confidence and lift values varying with gender and age. Clinicians should screen for concurrent PTB-EPTB in order to improve treatment outcomes.Copyright © 2023 Wanli Kang et al.

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