• Arkers Kwan Ching Wong, WongFrances Kam YuetFKYSchool of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong., Jun Liang, Danny Wah Kun Tong, Man Li Chan, Tsun Kit Chu, Bo Chu Wong, Rinis Sin Yi Chan, Wai Hing Ho, Cecilia Yeuk Sze Tang, and Sau Ching Chiang.
• School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
• Ann. Med. 2023 Jan 1; 55 (2): 22620882262088.

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by abnormally uncontrolled high blood glucose level. The Risk Assessment and Management Program (RAMP) in Hong Kong has been providing long-term face-to-face follow-up to DM patients in the government out-patient clinics since 2009. However, under the current outbreak of COVID-19, these face-to-face consultations were ceased over and over again to lower the risk of disease transmission. With the advancement in technology, the recent emergence of telecare has provided an alternative to replace the conventional consultations in the clinics. Its clinical effectiveness on DM patients has also been supported by numerous studies. Yet, there is only a paucity of literatures discussing the practicality of such implementation design in the real-world settings. This study aims at studying both the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of telecare in Hong Kong DM patients. It adopts a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation design. It will be conducted in seven government out-patient clinics in Hong Kong. The subjects will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group when they 1) are aged 18 or above, 2) have a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes, and 3) are having regular follow-up appointment in the clinic. Subjects in the intervention group will receive a 84-week Risk Assessment and Management Program (RAMP) in an alternate telecare and face-to-face consultations mode, while the control group will receive the same program but in usual face-to-face consultation mode. RE-AIM is employed as the implementation and effectiveness outcome evaluation framework. The primary outcome measure will be HbA1c. Data will be collected pre-intervention (T1), 42-week (T2), and 84-week (T3). The study will provide effectiveness-implementation assessment of telecare mode for DM patients in Hong Kong, as an alternative or in addition to conventional face-to-face consultations. It also aimed to provide insights for the future adoption in a broader health care setting.

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