• Roberto Martínez-Beamonte, Javier Sánchez-Marco, Marta Gómez, Gonzalo Lázaro, María Barco, Tania Herrero-Continente, Marta Serrano-Megías, David Botaya, Carmen Arnal, Cristina Barranquero, Joaquín C Surra, José Antonio Manso-Alonso, Jesús Osada, and María A Navarro.
• Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: romartin@unizar.es.
• Nutrition. 2023 Dec 1; 116: 112211112211.

ObjectivesThe type and amount of dietary protein have become a topic of renewed interest, considering their involvement in several diseases. However, little attention has been devoted to the effect of avian proteins despite their wide human consumption. In a previous study, we saw that compared with soybean protein, the consumption of avian proteins, depending on sex, resulted in similar or lower atherosclerosis with a higher paraoxonase 1 activity, an antioxidant enzyme carried by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This suggests that under these conditions, the HDL lipoproteins may undergo important changes. The aim of this research was to study the influence of soybean, chicken, and turkey proteins on the characteristics of HDL.MethodsMale and female Apoe-deficient mice were fed purified Western diets based on the AIN-93 diet, differing only in the protein source, for 12 wk. After this period, blood and liver samples were taken for analysis of HDL composition and hepatic expression of genes related to HDL metabolism (Abca1, Lcat, Pltp, Pon1, and Scarb1). Depending on sex, these genes define a different network of interactions. Females consuming the turkey protein-containing diet showed decreased atherosclerotic foci, which can be due to larger very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) calculated by molar ratio triacylglycerols/VLDL cholesterol and higher expression of Lcat. In contrast, in males, a higher ratio of paraoxonase1 to apolipoprotein A1 decreased the oxidative status of the different lipoproteins, and augmented Abca1 expression was observed.ConclusionsThe source of protein has an effect on the development of atherosclerosis depending on sex by modifying HDL characteristics and the expression of genes involved in their properties.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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