• Yucen Liu, Maojun Li, Wei Shi, and Binzhi Tang.
• School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 27; 102 (43): e35779e35779.

RationalePeripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade is a rare but fatal complication which cause a high mortality if not timely diagnosed and treated. However, the atypical manifestations and the rapid deterioration present challenges for neonatologists, and there has been limited investigation reported globally to date. Furthermore, a systematic review and comprehensive summary of clinical management are lacking. The significance of this article lies in emphasizing the importance of maintaining vigilance in high-risk neonates and implementing effective management strategies for PICC-related pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade, thereby contributing to saving more lives.Patient ConcernsIn the current report, we discuss 2 cases of neonatal pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade following PICC catheterization.DiagnosisThe first case was diagnosed based on forensic autopsy and the second case was diagnosed by bedside echocardiography.Interventions And OutcomesThe first case was treated conservatively and the second case underwent pericardiocentesis, unfortunately both were died.LessonsOnce sudden hemodynamic or respiratory abnormalities are detected in neonates with PICC placement, particularly in the preterm infants, prompt diagnosis by cardiac ultrasound is required to verify pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade and immediate pericardiocentesis or pericardiotomy is necessary to improve survival.Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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