• Mohamed Abdel-Samiee, Samah Mohammad Awad, Amira Ahmed Mohamed, Eman Abdelsameea, and Hussam Abdel-Latif Taha.
• Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
• Am. J. Med. Sci. 2024 Mar 1; 367 (3): 171180171-180.

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors, differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of SBP in patients with HCC in comparison with non-HCC patients.MethodsThis study was conducted on patients with cirrhosis who were admitted to hospital with SBP. The patients were divided into two groups: SBP group with HCC (n = 150) and SBP group without HCC (n = 250).ResultsMen and women accounted for 72% and 28% (n = 108 and 42, respectively) of the population in SBP group with HCC with mean age 55.8 ± 13.1 years. They accounted for 68.4% and 31.6% (n = 171 and 79, respectively) in the SBP group without HCC with mean age 56.8 ± 10.5 years. In-hospital mortality was 25.3% in the SBP group with HCC and 18.8% in SBP group without HCC. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common cause of death in both groups. No significant difference was observed in patient outcomes between the two studied groups. The deceased patients had significantly higher levels of leukocytes and neutrophils in ascitic fluid as well as a higher frequency of positive culture results than in patients who survived (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in protein level in ascitic fluid or causative organism between patients who survived and those who died (p = 0.63 and 0.19, respectively).ConclusionsPrognosis of SBP in patients with HCC seemed similar to that in patients without HCC.Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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