• Ahlam Alghamdi, Hajar AlQahtani, Sara Albilal, Maram Mater Almutairi, Nouf Alobaidallah, Linah Alghamdi, Amal Alfayez, Thamer Almangour, and Ahmed Al-Jedai.
• From the Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
• Ann Saudi Med. 2023 Nov 1; 43 (6): 373379373-379.

BackgroundInfection is the second-leading cause of death among cancer patients, but there have been few studies on the effectiveness of novel antimicrobial agents to treat carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in cancer patients.ObjectiveEvaluate the mortality and clinical outcomes of ceftazi-dime-avibactam for OXA-48- and/or New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales infection in cancer patients.DesignRetrospective observational cohort study.SettingTertiary academic medical center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Subjects And MethodsThis study included patients who had cancer and received ceftazidime-avibactam for at least 72 hours for infections caused by OXA-48- and/or NDM-producing Enterobacterales. We excluded patients who died within 72 hours of treatment, patients with polymicrobial infections, and patients who did not receive appropriate antimicrobial therapy.Main Outcomes And MeasuresPrimary outcomes were 30-day mortality and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical cure, relapse, and reinfection.Sample Size32 cancer patients.ResultsThe 30-day mortality among all patients was 15/32 (47%), clinical cure was achieved in 19/32 (59%) of the patients, and the relapse and reinfection rates were 2/19 (10.5%) and 4/17 (23.5%), respectively.ConclusionThis is the largest study to evaluate clinical outcomes associated with infections caused by OXA-48- and/or NDM-producing Enterobacterales in cancer patients. The mortality rate remains high; however, ceftazidime-avibactam is an encouraging alternative for treating severe infections in cancer patients.LimitationsSmall sample size and single center.

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