• Xuelian Hu, Bo Han, Qin Yang, Qixuan Li, Dongkai Xiao, and Xiaosong Xu.
• Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 29; 103 (13): e37604e37604.

RationaleRetroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma (RPDDL) is an uncommon malignancy, which often remains undetected for many years due to having adequate space in the retroperitoneal cavity and lacking clinical manifestations in the early stage of the disease. Surgical procedure is usually used as the first choice for treatment. However, it is prone to local recurrence after the operation, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. Our aim is to draw useful lessons from the new case and provide some experience for management of the disease.Patient ConcernsWe describe a 55-year-old male patient who was admitted for a 3-week history of persistent dull ache of the left waist. A large mass of the left upper abdomen was palpated in physical examination. Moreover, the imaging examination revealed that the diameter of the mass was about 21 cm, and some adjacent vital organs were invaded, which brought great challenges to complete surgical resection.DiagnosisThe postoperative pathological results confirmed that the mass was RPDDL with invasion of the surrounding vital structures including pancreas, spleen, left adrenal gland, left kidney, and vasculature with tumor emboli.InterventionsSurgical resection of the mass was performed by our multidisciplinary team. The patient received chemotherapy 1 month after surgery.OutcomesThe effect of chemotherapy seemed to be unsatisfactory. Local multifocal recurrence of the tumor was considered about 2 months after surgery. Finally, he gave up any treatments and died of the disease.LessonsRegular physical examination and ultrasound screening may detect the disease as early as possible, especially for high-risk group aged 60 to 70, which should be popularized. Incomplete resection, vascular invasion, and interruption of postoperative treatment may lead to an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, we think that patients with the disease may benefit from complete surgical resection and uninterrupted adjuvant therapy.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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