• Helen Ye Rim Huang, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Goshen David Miteu, Adan Khan, Sakshi Roy, Tomas Ferreira, Tulika Garg, Narjiss Aji, Faaraea Haroon, Farida Zakariya, Yasir Alshareefy, Anushka Gurunath Pujari, Djabir Madani, and Marios Papadakis.
• Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Mar 29; 103 (13): e37567e37567.

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic clinical condition characterized by arthritic features in children under the age of 16, with at least 6 weeks of active symptoms. The etiology of JIA remains unknown, and it is associated with prolonged synovial inflammation and structural joint damage influenced by environmental and genetic factors. This review aims to enhance the understanding of JIA by comprehensively analyzing relevant literature. The focus lies on current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and investigations into the pathoaetiologies using diverse research modalities, including in vivo animal models and large-scale genome-wide studies. We aim to elucidate the multifactorial nature of JIA with a strong focus towards genetic predilection, while proposing potential strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes and enhance diagnostic risk stratification in light of recent advancements. This review underscores the need for further research due to the idiopathic nature of JIA, its heterogeneous phenotype, and the challenges associated with biomarkers and diagnostic criteria. Ultimately, this contribution seeks to advance the knowledge and promote effective management strategies in JIA.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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