• Hongzhen Zhao, Zhonghui Hu, Lingxin Kong, Qingtao Zhao, Wenbo Wu, and Guochen Duan.
• Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Apr 5; 103 (14): e37704e37704.

BackgroundPosterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with no special clinical symptoms, which is easily confused with some common tumors in the posterior mediastinum, affecting the accuracy of the first diagnosis by clinicians and delaying the treatment of patients.Case SummaryWe report a 59-year-old woman with a space-occupying lesion in the posterior mediastinum. The patient was mistakenly diagnosed with lumbar muscle or vertebral body lesions due to chest and back pain and underwent conservative treatment, but her symptoms did not improve significantly and she gradually developed pain in both lower limbs. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan indicated the left lower lung paraspinal space and underwent standard single-aperture video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), which was pathologically confirmed as posterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma.ConclusionComplete surgical resection of posterior mediastinal leiomyosarcoma can achieve good clinical results.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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