• JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc · May 2024

    Case Reports

    Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Pyrexia of Unknown Origin: A Case Report.

    • Khusbu Thapa, Bikranta Bikram Kharel, Shreya Shrestha, and Tanbir Ikram.
    • Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.
    • JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2024 May 31; 62 (274): 401403401-403.

    AbstractA case of a 61-year male presented with chief complaints of fever for three months. Diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was made after liver biopsy when Positron-Emission Tomography revealed multiple fluoro deoxy glucose avid lesions in the liver. The patient of this disease typically presents with fever, splenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, raised liver enzymes, and marrow features suggestive of hemophagocytosis. The treatment is usually systemic corticosteroids, chemotherapy with etoposide, cyclosporine, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, depending on the cause. A diagnosis like hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis can easily be missed in developing countries with low resources like Nepal. Hence, this disease should be suspected in patients presenting with pyrexia of unknown origin by treating physicians.

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