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J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. · Sep 2024
Efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange or Cangrelor as an Adjunctive Strategy to Facilitate Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Anthony Del Vecchio, Lam-Phong Pham, John McNeil, Karen Singh, Kenichi Tanaka, Michael Eaton, and Michael Mazzeffi.
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA.
- J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2024 Sep 12.
ObjectiveConduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or intravenous cangrelor to prevent thromboembolism in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with heparin.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingN/A.ParticipantsAdults having cardiac surgery with a history of HIT who received preoperative or intraoperative TPE or intravenous cangrelor as an adjunct to CPB with heparin.InterventionsNone MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The primary outcome was avoidance of thromboembolism (venous or arterial) during or after CPB. Proportional meta-analysis with a random effects model was used to calculate a weighted-pooled proportion/efficacy for the study's primary outcome. Fifty-seven patients in 17 reports received TPE as an adjunctive treatment to prevent HIT-related thrombosis related to heparinization during CPB and 3 (5.3%) experienced thrombosis. Proportional meta-analysis suggested a weighted-pooled freedom from perioperative thromboembolism rate of 91.0% (95% CI 82.6%-96.9%). Fifteen patients in 6 reports received intravenous cangrelor as an adjunctive treatment to prevent HIT-related thrombosis related to heparinization during CPB and 2 (13.3%) experienced thrombosis. Proportional meta-analysis suggested a weighted-pooled freedom from perioperative thromboembolism rate of 83.0% (95% CI 61.2%- 97.6%).ConclusionsTPE and cangrelor are feasible strategies to prevent thromboembolism in adults with HIT who require CPB with heparin. Given the relatively small number of cases in the published literature and a high likelihood for publication and detection biases, prudence remains warranted when using these strategies.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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