• Jie Li, Nan Jiang, Hui Zheng, Xiao Zheng, Yi Xu, Yongqing Weng, Feijian Jiang, Chong Wang, and Peiliang Chang.
• Comprehensive Technical Service Center, Taizhou Customs, Taizhou City, Zhejiang, China.
• Ann. Med. 2024 Dec 1; 56 (1): 24128342412834.

BackgroundNorovirus is the leading cause of sporadic viral gastroenteritis cases and outbreaks. Gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the composition and functional effects of gut microbiota in children infected with norovirus.MethodsStool samples were collected from 31 children infected with norovirus and 25 healthy children. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by composition, correlation network, functional and phenotype prediction analyses.ResultsGut microbiota in children infected with norovirus was characterized by lower species richness and diversity. Veillonella is the dominant gut microbiota specie in norovirus infection. Blautia was significantly lower in norovirus infection. There was a positive correlation between Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Subdoligranulum, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Fusicatenibacter, Agathobacter, Roseburia and Dorea. Functionally, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, selenocysteine lyase and peroxiredoxin were the most significantly higher functional compositions of gut microbiota in norovirus infection. However, sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and fermentation were the most significantly lower functional compositions in norovirus infection group. Phenotype analysis showed that Contains_Mobile_Elements had the highest level of phenotypes in the gut microbiota of norovirus infection.ConclusionNorovirus infection may lead to dysregulation of the gut microbiome in children.

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