• Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Sep 2009

    A dietary combination of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is more efficient than single supplementations in the prevention of retinal damage induced by elevation of intraocular pressure in rats.

    • Coralie Schnebelen, Bruno Pasquis, Manuel Salinas-Navarro, Corinne Joffre, Catherine P Creuzot-Garcher, Manuel Vidal-Sanz, Alain M Bron, Lionel Bretillon, and Niyazi Acar.
    • INRA, UMR1129 FLAVIC, Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Dijon F-21000, France.
    • Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2009 Sep 1;247(9):1191-203.

    BackgroundTo evaluate the effect of a dietary combination of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared to single PUFA supplementations on the outcome of a substantial elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats.MethodsSprague Dawley rats were fed for 6 months with either a control diet, a diet enriched with omega-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), a diet enriched with omega-6 PUFAs (gamma-linolenic acid, GLA) or a diet enriched with both omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs (EPA + DHA and GLA). After 3 months of feeding, elevation of IOP was induced by photocoagulation of the episcleral veins, limbus and trabecular meshwork using a 532-nm laser. IOP and scotopic electroretinograms (ERGs) were monitored after the induction of IOP elevation until the end of the nutritional supplementation. Retinal morphometry and GFAP immunohistochemistry were performed 3 months after laser photocoagulation. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were quantified using retrograde labelling.ResultsA significant rise in IOP was observed in the laser-treated eyes. PUFA supplementation did not influence the time course of IOP in the laser-treated eyes. Three months after laser photocoagulation, the activation of glial cells observed in the laser-treated eyes was significantly lower in animals fed with the EPA + DHA + GLA diet when compared to those fed the control diet, while single supplementations with either EPA + DHA or GLA were not effective. The same protective effect of the EPA + DHA + GLA combination was observed on retinal structures in the laser-treated eyes. However, PUFA supplementation did not influence either ERG b-wave amplitude or the RGC loss in the laser-treated eyes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a 6-month supplementation with a combination of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs is more effective than single supplementations, since the EPA + DHA + GLA dietary combination prevented retinal cell structure and decreased glial cell activation induced by the elevation of IOP in rats.

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