• Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Apr 2015

    Review

    Biomarkers in acute lung injury.

    • Daniela Mokra and Petra Kosutova.
    • Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Mala Hora 4, Martin SK-03601, Slovakia. Electronic address: mokra@jfmed.uniba.sk.
    • Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2015 Apr 1;209:52-8.

    AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its milder form acute lung injury (ALI) may result from various diseases and situations including sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, acute pancreatitis, aspiration of gastric contents, near-drowning etc. ALI/ARDS is characterized by diffuse alveolar injury, lung edema formation, neutrophil-derived inflammation, and surfactant dysfunction. Clinically, ALI/ARDS is manifested by decreased lung compliance, severe hypoxemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Severity and further characteristics of ALI/ARDS may be detected by biomarkers in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (or tracheal aspirate) of patients. Changed concentrations of individual markers may suggest injury or activation of the specific types of lung cells-epithelial or endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, etc.), and thereby help in diagnostics and in evaluation of the patient's clinical status and the treatment efficacy. This chapter reviews various biomarkers of acute lung injury and evaluates their usefulness in diagnostics and prognostication of ALI/ARDS.Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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