• Alan H Bleiberg, Christy A Salvaggio, Lonnie C Roy, and Zach Kassutto.
• Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Alan.Bleiberg@Childrens.com
• Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Mar 1; 23 (3): 158-62.

ObjectivesIntravenous (IV) ketamine has gained widespread use in the emergency department (ED) for procedural sedation. The most commonly recommended starting dose is 1.5 mg/kg. We examined whether lower doses of ketamine in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg could successfully sedate pediatric patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed quality assurance data of patients sedated with IV ketamine in a pediatric ED. Patients were administered 0.02 mg/kg of IV atropine, 0.05 mg/kg of IV midazolam, and then 0.5 mg/kg of IV ketamine. Additional aliquots of 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine were given as necessary, to a maximum of 2.0 mg/kg. Efficacy of sedation was assessed after every dose by pediatric emergency medicine attendings or fellows.ResultsSeventy-two patients had quality assurance forms completed. The total ketamine dose administered ranged from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg. Adequate procedural sedation was obtained for 70 (97%) of 72 patients. Forty-four percent of patients required 0.75 mg/kg or less of ketamine to obtain adequate initial sedation; 25% of subjects required only 0.5 mg/kg; 43% of patients required 1.0 mg/kg of IV ketamine. We found that 88% of our patients could be successfully sedated at initial doses of 1 mg/kg or less.ConclusionsOur study suggests a potential role for low-dose IV ketamine in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg for pediatric procedural sedation. Most pediatric ED patients can be successfully sedated with 1 mg/kg of ketamine.

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