• E V Mosca, P Ciechanski, A Roy, E C Scheibli, K Ballanyi, and R J A Wilson.
• Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
• Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2014 Aug 15; 200: 80-9.

AbstractMethylxanthines like caffeine and theophylline have long been used to treat apnea of prematurity. Despite their success in stimulating neonatal breathing, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Methylxanthines can act as both non-specific adenosine receptor antagonists and inhibitors of cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterases, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases or receptor-coupled anion channels, depending on the dose used. Though there is evidence for methylxanthine action at the level of the carotid body, the consensus is that methylxanthines stimulate the respiratory centers of the brainstem. Here we used the in situ neonatal rat working heart-brainstem preparation and the ex vivo neonatal rat carotid body preparation to test the hypothesis that methylxanthines act at the level of the carotid body. We conclude that although the neonatal carotid body has active adenosine receptors, the effects of methylxanthine therapy are likely mediated centrally, predominantly via inhibition of cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase-4.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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